In a large pot with a tight-fitting lid, heat the extra-virgin olive oil over medium. Add the anchovies and the garlic cloves, finely chopped; cook until the garlic is fragrant, about 1 minute. Add the broccoli rabe, trimmed, cut into 1 1/2-inch pieces, and the water; season with the salt and pepper. Increase heat to high, cover, and cook minutes.